Gas-shielded welding with electrode oscillations. Thermal problem

A method is proposed for calculating the temperature field in welding with trapezoidal oscillations of the welding arc, including the equation of the temperature field for the scheme of the moving surface heat source with normal distribution, the equation of trapezoidal oscillation in the form of the sum of Fourier series and the experimentally determined dependence of the effective radius of the heating spot of the arc r₀ on the welding conditions. The dependence of the effective radius of the heating spot of the arc r₀ on the welding conditions is determined by the similarity methods for welding of low-carbon and low-alloy steels in CO₂ and a mixture of the gases Ar + 20% CO₂. The comparison of the calculated temperatures and the results obtained in full-size experiments in welding of the pipes shows that the proposed calculation method results in sufficiently accurate determination of the temperature fields for practical applications.     

基于样条插值的爆破振动时域波形预测方法

针对现有的爆破振动预测方法存在工程现场适用性差,不易于应用,无法准确预测完整的爆破振动信号在爆破时间段内的振动历程等问题,提出了一种基于样条插值的爆破振动预测方法。通过爆破中质点峰值速度、炸药量与爆心距的关系式,建立监测波形与预测波形的关系,对实测数据波形时域部分进行三次样条插值得到插值函数和预测目标点波形。通过实验和工程实践对该方法进行验证,并与传统的爆破振动预测方法进行质点峰值速度比对,结果表明:该爆破振动预测方法能够完整且较好地预测振动信号在爆破时间段内的振动历程,预测效果优于传统的爆破振动预测方法。     

Insulation characteristics and its evaluation method of N2 gas for nonstandard lightning impulse waveforms

Until recently, SF₆ gas has widely been used as the best insulating medium in substation equipment. However, SF₆ gas was specified to be a greenhouse gas at COP3 in 1997 because of its high global warming potential (GWP), and alternative insulation gases to SF₆ have been sought for a long time. Alternatives using the natural gases are considered to be suitable, but none of them show better properties for insulation as well as good environmental compatibility. Therefore, it is necessary to rationalize the equipment insulation level and reduce the test voltage of electric power apparatus to as low a level as possible. The actual lightning surge waveform (so‐called nonstandard lightning impulse waveform) occurring in the actual field is different from the standard lightning impulse waveform (1.2/50 μs). There are many cases in which the actual lightning surge waveform has a steep rise and large decay of overvoltage, and the insulation requirements are not as severe as those for the standard lightning impulse waveform. In this paper, we focused our research on N₂ gas as an SF₆ substitute and investigated the insulation characteristics of N₂ gas for a single‐frequency oscillatory waveform with various frequencies from 2.7 to 20.0 MHz and damping ratios. Based on the experimental results, it might be possible to reduce the test voltage of N₂ gas insulation by evaluating the crest value of the actual lightning surge waveform that has been converted into an equivalent standard lightning impulse waveform. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 10–20, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20754     

雷达信号群复杂度研究初步

本文用熵的概念定量描述了脉冲群雷达信号灵活多变的程度。给出了计算步骤及实例.文中提出的概念对现代雷达信号选择设计及电子侦察技术具有一定的理论意义和实际意义。给出的度量方法也可直接应用到雷达信号波形库质量的度量中.     

脉冲射流信号分析软件的研制与应用

为了即时、全面、可靠地对自激振荡脉冲射流压力动态测试信号作定量分析，本文研制了信号分析系统软件（ＸＨＦＸ）．应用它能正确评价动态压力信号的波形特征、频率结构及能量分布．它对类似的其它复杂信号也有较好的实用价值．     

智能语言发令和报警系统的研制

本文介绍一种能自动用语言准确报出故障、发出指令的系统。该系统用UM5100语言处理器作语言波形编码器,直接用数字表示语言波形。借助于存储器和音频电路组成语言录放电路,进行语言的记录和再生,并在微机的控制下组成智能系统,应用于工业生产及智能测试等领域。当过程控制中出现不正常情况时,迅速、准确地为操作人员指出故障所在和发出操作指令。这种系统明显地优于以往的指示灯显示或者电铃呜响的报警方式,并且在工业生产、交通管理及医疗技术等各种领域中有广泛的通用性及实用价值。     

具有未知输入干扰的补偿控制

针对系统存在干扰波形已知但干扰幅值未知或幅值无界的一类外界干扰,提出了一种实现干扰补偿的控制策略,并给出了具体的设计过程。通过对原系统构造一个新的系统输出并为其设计状态观测器,进而实现对状态和干扰的同时估计。此外,并将干扰的估计信息引入到控制律当中,从而实现系统对外界干扰的补偿控制,保证系统状态有界。仿真结果验证了这一控制方法的有效性。     

微机控制的可控硅交流调功器

由于可控硅是调相控制，这就不可避免的使波形畸变而向电网输送高次谐波，引起电网污染。介绍通过调功器来控制负载，可以减轻电网用电过程中的污染问题。阐述了调功器的设计原理、主回路和控制回路的电路图。     

一种基于遗传算法的DDS脉冲波形优化方法

直接数字频率合成（DDs——Digital Direct Frequency Synthesis）是一种新的频率合成技术，具有频率分辨率高、频率切换快、超宽的相对带宽、连续的相位特性和全数字化等优点，DDS实际上是波形的合成技术，可以输出高稳定度的任意波形．对脉冲产生型DDS中输出信号的过冲和振铃进行了讨论，提出了用遗传算法优化脉冲波形以减少过冲和振铃的方法，并用计算机仿真结果进行证明。     

用于同步整流的周期性变结构波形整形理论

为了解决某些DC/DC变换器由于存在同步整流驱动死区而使变换效率低下的问题，提出了周期性变结构整形理论. 利用辅助的二极管和开关管对同步整流驱动电路结构进行切换，使之在一个周期内工作于不同的基本变换电路之间，从 而得到理想的同步整流驱动波形.利用周期性变结构整形理论完整地解释了一种现有的电荷自维持电路，并且构造出了一 系列新颖的周期性变结构整形电路.对一个36~75 V输入，5 V/10 A输出，采用周期性变结构整形电路的样机进行了实验 ，结果表明由上述理论所构造出的电路可以消除同步整流的驱动死区，提高变换效率.